Table 4.
Analysis of Molecular variance (AMOVA) using Y-SNPs haplogroups and 17 Y-STRs for various groupings of populations
| Grouping |
Variation seen |
|
|
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Among populations |
Within populations |
|
|
|
|||
| Variance (%) | Fst | Variance (%) | |||||
|
Y-SNP
|
Han (East China) |
1.17 |
0.01 |
98.83 |
|
|
|
| TwMtA (9 tribes) |
29.70* |
0.30 |
70.30 |
|
|
|
|
| TwPlt (Siraya, Pazeh) |
3.76* |
0.04 |
96.24 |
|
|
|
|
| Ph (Luzon, Mindanao, Visayas) |
1.90 |
0.02 |
98.10 |
|
|
|
|
| Western IN (Borneo, Sumatra, Java) |
5.70* |
0.06 |
94.30 |
|
|
|
|
| Indochina (Thai, Akha, Vietnam) |
10.41* |
0.10 |
89.59 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Variation seen |
|
|||||
| |
Between groups |
Among populations within groups |
Within populations |
Among all populations considering no grouping |
|||
| |
Variance (%) |
Fct |
Variance (%) |
Fsc |
Variance (%) |
Fst |
|
|
Geographic grouping |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TwMtA/Ph/Western IN/Han |
18.09* |
0.05 |
6.51* |
0.14 |
75.40 |
0.18* |
|
| TwMtA/Ph/Western IN/Han/Indochina |
16.83* |
0.17 |
7.41* |
0.09 |
75.76 |
0.24* |
|
|
Linguistic grouping |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TwMtA/Ph + Western IN/Han |
18.55* |
0.19 |
6.97* |
0.086 |
74.48 |
0.26* |
|
| TwMtA/Ph + Western IN/Han/Indochina |
17.19* |
0.17 |
7.21* |
0.09 |
75.59 |
0.24* |
|
| Y-STR | |
Variation seen |
|||||
| |
Among populations |
Within populations |
|
|
|
||
| |
Variance (%) |
Fst |
Variance (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Han (East China) |
0.18 |
<0.01 |
99.82 |
|
|
|
|
| TwMtA (9 tribes) |
31.78* |
0.32 |
68.22 |
|
|
|
|
| TwPlt (Siraya, Pazeh) |
3.99* |
0.04 |
96.01 |
|
|
|
|
| Ph (Luzon, Mindanao, Visayas) |
−0.84 |
−0.01 |
101.00 |
|
|
|
|
| Western IN (Borneo, Sumatra, Java) |
2.34* |
0.02 |
97.66 |
|
|
|
|
| Indochina (Thai, Akha, Vietnam) |
11.26* |
0.11 |
88.73 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Variation seen |
|
|||||
| |
Between groups |
Among populations within groups |
Within populations |
Among all populations considering no grouping |
|||
| |
Variance (%) |
Fct |
Variance (%) |
Fsc |
Variance (%) |
Fst |
|
|
Geographic grouping |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TwMtA/Ph/Western IN/Han |
2.74* |
0.03 |
12.99* |
0.13 |
84.25 |
0.16* |
|
| TwMtA/Ph/Western IN/Han/Indochina |
2.98* |
0.03 |
12.74* |
0.13 |
84.28 |
0.15* |
|
|
Linguistic grouping |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TwMtA/Ph + Western IN/Han |
2.53* |
0.03 |
13.29* |
0.14 |
84.16 |
0.16* |
|
| TwMtA/Ph + Western IN/Han/Indochina | 2.79* | 0.03 | 13.01* | 0.13 | 84.20 | 0.16* | |
*P < 0.05 AMOVA test for Y-STR was based on 17 STR loci TwMtA: Taiwan mountain tribe Aborigines; TwPlt: Taiwan plain tribes; Ph: Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao, Visayas); Western IN: Western Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra Java, Sulaweisi).