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. 2014 Jun 19;5:4037. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5037

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(a) The de novo biosynthesis of vanillin is mediated by a single enzyme, namely V. planifolia vanillin synthase (VpVAN), which catalyses the two-carbon cleavage of ferulic acid and its glucoside to produce vanillin and vanillin glucoside, respectively. (b) The conversion of ferulic acid to vanillin is catalysed by VpVAN and is envisioned to proceed sequentially by two partial reactions composed of an initial hydration addition reaction followed by a retro-aldol elimination reaction. Intens., intensity.