Table 7.
Absent AV connections: associated anomalies.
| Associated anomalies | Absent left AV connection 111 hearts |
Absent right AV connection 31 hearts |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Situs solitus | Left isomerism | Situs solitus | Left isomerism | ||||
| 108 hearts |
2 hearts |
30 hearts |
1 heart |
||||
| d-loop 98 | l-loop 10 | d-loop 1 | l-loop 1 | d-loop 27 | l-loop 3 | l-loop 1 | |
| Dextrocardia | – | – | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| Appendages juxtaposition | 1 | – | – | – | 5 | – | – |
| Persistent LSVC to coronary sinus | 20 | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Persistent LSVC to the atrium | 2 | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – |
| Interrupted IVC | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Total anomalous Po drainage | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ASD/PFO | 25/61 | 7/3 | – | −/1 | 20/7 | 2/1 | 1/− |
| Intact atrial septum | 10 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – |
| Common atrium | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Absent coronary sinus | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mitral valve double orifice | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | |
| Perimembranous VSD | 16 | – | 1 | – | 11 | – | – |
| Muscular VSD | 4 | 9 | – | 1 | 12 | 2 | – |
| Multiple VSD | 10 | 1 | – | – | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Sub Ao infundibulum | 6 | 6 | – | 1 | 7 | 2 | – |
| Bilateral infundibulum | 8 | 3 | – | – | 2 | 1 | – |
| Left outlet obstruction by fibrous AV tissue | 2 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Bicuspid Po valve | 5 | 3 | – | 1 | 4 | – | – |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 9 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – |
| PDA (left/right) | 93/1 | 7/− | – | – | 17/− | 2/− | 0/1 |
| Right aortic arch | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 |
| Aortic arch coarctation | 30 | 4 | – | – | 4 | – | 1 |
| Retro esophageal subclavian artery | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Single coronary artery | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – |
| Ductus dependent Po circulation | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Systemic dependent Po circulation | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | – |
ASD, atrial septal defect; AV, atrioventricular; IVC, inferior vena cava; LSVC, left superior vena cava; PFO, patent foramen ovalis; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; Po, pulmonary; VSD, ventricular septal defect.