TABLE 1.
Review of standardized nonverbal IQ and language measures from existing studies on children with cochlear implants
| Authors and Year of Publication |
N Size (No. Bilateral) |
Age of Implantation (yrs; mos) |
Age at Testing (yrs; mos) |
Standardized Nonverbal IQ Measure |
Mean (SD) | Standardized Language Measure |
Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geers et al. (2009) | 153 (not reported) | <5;0, range not reported | 5;0–6;11 | Weschler performance IQ | 105.6 (15.5) | CELF-P and CELF-P2 | Receptive language: 82.95 (20.09) Expressive language: 79.11 (20.96) |
| Holt et al. (2013) | 59 (18) | 1;0–3;0 | 1;0–18;0, | N/A | N/A | PLS-4 CELF-4 |
Total language: 73.42 Core language: 85 |
| Geers and Nicholas (2013) | 60 (29) | 4;6 and 10;6 | Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-Perceptual Reasoning | 105.2 (12.9) | PLS-3 (at age 4.5 yrs) | Auditory comprehension: 82.33 (19.32) Expressive language: 74.22 (21.06) |
|
| CELF-4 (at age 10.5 yrs) | Core language: 89.19 (20.19) Receptive language: 88.42 (17.01) Expressive language: 92.48 (20.38) |
||||||
| Tobey et. al (2013) | 160 (34) | 0;6–4;11 | Children tested annually and results are reported from 4- and 6-yr follow-up visits | Bayley PDI | 94.3 (18.5) | CASL (4-yr follow-up) | Core composite: 76.4 (22.6) |
| Leiter-R | 105.1 (20.0) | CASL (6-yr follow-up) | Core composite: 77.6 (24.3) |
CELF-P indicates Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool
CELF-4, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals- 4th edition; CASL, Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language; IQ, intelligence quotient; PLS, Preschool Language Scale; Bayley PDI, Bayley Scales Psychomotor Developmental Index; N/A, not applicable.