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DS, but not other GAGs, induces circulating sICAM-1. sICAM-1 was measured in murine sera by ELISA, as described in Methods. Serum levels of sICAM-1 were measured before or 5 hours after intraperitoneal injection of TNF-α (25 μg/kg), pure DS (1 mg), heparin (4 mg), or chondroitin sulfates A and C (4 mg). Data represent mean ± SD of triplicate measurements.
