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. 2014 Jul 7;8:52. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00052

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Copyright © 2014 Otero-Millan, Macknik and Martinez-Conde.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The two alternative mechanisms to control disconjugate saccades. Left: Hering’s hypothesis requires two independent commands (conjugate and disconjugate) that combine at the level of the oculomotor nucleus (OMN). Right: Helmholtz’s hypothesis requires separate monocular commands arriving at the abducens nucleus from the burst neurons at the paramedial pontine reticular formation (pprf). From Cullen and Van Horn (2011). LR, lateral rectus. MR, medial rectus; OMN, ocular motor neuron; AIN, abducens inter neuron; AMN, abducens motor neuron; VG, vergence; SBN, saccadic burst neuron.