Table 3.
Univariate analyses of non-traditional risk factors.
| Model Details | Study Outcomes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Cardiac | Stroke | Mortality | Composite | |||||
| Physical Exam | ||||||||
| Body mass index | ||||||||
| 5-kg/m2 increase | 0.95 (0.85, 1.06) | 0.4 | 0.83 (0.71, 0.96) | 0.01 | 0.84 (0.78, 0.92) | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | ||||||||
| 10-mm Hg rise | 1.02 (0.94, 1.12) | 0.6 | 1.24 (1.12, 1.38) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) | 0.4 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 0.8 |
| Laboratory Tests | ||||||||
| Triglycerides | ||||||||
| 50-mg/dL increase | 1.05 (1.00, 1.11) | 0.05 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.13) | 0.1 | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | 0.2 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) | 0.01 |
| Hemoglobin | ||||||||
| 1.5-g/dL increase | 1.03 (0.92, 1.14) | 0.6 | 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) | 0.1 | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) | 0.001 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) | 0.009 |
| Hemoglobin (2-slope model) | ||||||||
| 1.5 g/dL increase <14.5 g/dL | 0.89 (0.77, 1.03) | 0.1 | 0.81 (0.68, 0.97) | 0.02 | 0.70 (0.64, 0.77) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.68, 0.82) | <0.001 |
| 1.5 g/dL increase >14.5 g/dL | 1.34 (1.08, 1.66) | 0.009 | 1.20 (0.88, 1.64) | 0.2 | 1.51 (1.30, 1.76) | <0.001 | 1.44 (1.24, 1.66) | <0.001 |
| Albumin | ||||||||
| 0.3-g/dL increase <3.9 g/dL | 0.71 (0.59, 0.84) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.58, 0.91) | <0.01 | 0.64 (0.57, 0.72) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.60, 0.75) | <0.001 |
| Uric Acid | ||||||||
| 2-mg/dL increase | 1.30 (1.17, 1.44) | <0.001 | 1.12 (0.97, 1.29) | 0.1 | 1.26 (1.17, 1.36) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.16, 1.33) | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen | ||||||||
| 50-mg/dL increase | 1.20 (1.12, 1.28) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.07, 1.27) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.14, 1.25) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.15, 1.26) | <0.001 |
| C-Reactive protein | ||||||||
| Log-transformed; per 1-log-unit increase | 1.13 (1.01, 1.26) | 0.03 | 1.15 (1.01, 1.32) | 0.04 | 1.20 (1.11, 1.29) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.11, 1.28) | <0.001 |
Data are displayed as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), p-value.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, c-reactive protein (only analyzed in CHS). The hazard ratio for albumin represents the effect of rising serum albumin at levels below 3.9 g/dL only as there was no relationship between albumin above 3.9 g/dL and outcomes.
To convert triglyceride values in mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.01129; hemoglobin in g/dL to g/L, multiply by 10; albumin in g/dL to g/L, multiply by 10; uric acid in mg/dL to μmol/L, multiply by 59.48; and fibrinogen in mg/dL to μmol/L, multiply by 0.0294.