Table 4.
Results of multivariable analyses of non-traditional risk factors.
| Study Outcomes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Cardiac | Stroke | Mortality | Composite | ||
| Physical Exam | |||||
| BMI | 5 kg/m2 increase | 1.05 [0.92, 1.20], 0.5 | 0.92 [0.77, 1.10], 0.4 | 0.98 [0.89, 1.08], 0.6 | 1.00 [0.92, 1.09], 1.0 |
| Diastolic BP | 10mm Hg rise | 0.95 [0.85, 1.06], 0.3 | 1.18 [1.02, 1.36], 0.03 | 0.97 [0.90, 1.05], 0.4 | 0.99 [0.92, 1.06], 0.8 |
| Laboratory Tests | |||||
| Triglycerides | 50mg/dL increase | 1.04 [0.97, 1.11], 0.3 | 1.08 [0.99, 1.17], 0.1 | 1.05 [1.00, 1.11], 0.1 | 1.07 [1.02, 1.12], 0.005 |
| Hemoglobin | 1.5 g/dL increase | 0.98 [0.87, 1.10], 0.7 | 0.85 [0.73, 1.00], 0.05 | 0.86 [0.79, 0.94], 0.001 | 0.89 [0.82, 0.96], 0.003 |
| Hemoglobin (2-slope model) | 1.5 g/dL increase below 14.5 g/dL | 0.94 [0.79, 1.11], 0.5 | 0.79 [0.64, 0.97], 0.03 | 0.70 [0.63, 0.79], <0.001 | 0.75 [0.67, 0.84], <0.001 |
| 1.5 g/dL increase above 14.5 g/dL | 1.05 [0.81, 1.35], 0.7 | 1.02 [0.71, 1.46], 0.9 | 1.31 [1.09, 1.56], 0.003 | 1.22 [1.03, 1.45], 0.02 | |
| Albumin | 0.3 g/dL increase below 3.9 g/dL | 0.69 [0.56, 0.85], <0.001 | 0.72 [0.56, 0.92], 0.009 | 0.65 [0.57, 0.75], <0.001 | 0.68 [0.60, 0.77], <0.001 |
| Uric Acid | 2 mg/dL increase | 1.06 [0.93, 1.20], 0.4 | 0.96 [0.81, 1.14], 0.6 | 1.08 [0.99, 1.19], 0.1 | 1.07 [0.99, 1.17], 0.1 |
| Fibrinogen | 50mg/dL increase | 1.10 [1.03, 1.19], 0.008 | 1.08 [0.97, 1.19], 0.2 | 1.09 [1.03, 1.15], 0.002 | 1.12 [1.07, 1.18], <0.001 |
| CRP | Log-transformed; per 1 log-unit rise | 1.03 [0.91, 1.15], 0.7 | 1.11 [0.96, 1.29], 0.2 | 1.13 [1.04, 1.22], 0.003 | 1.15 [1.07, 1.24], <0.001 |
All models were adjusted for age, sex, race, history of CVD, history of diabetes, LVH, smoking, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, GFR and study of origin. Variables that were statistically significant are in bold type.
Each non-traditional risk factor is evaluated in models that only contain traditional risk factors and do not include other potential non-traditional risk factors, such that the results of 36 different models are presented in this table.
Data is displayed as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), p-value.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, c-reactive protein (only analyzed in CHS). The hazard ratio for albumin represents the effect of rising serum albumin at levels below 3.9 g/dL only as there was no relationship between albumin above 3.9 g/dL and outcomes.
To convert triglyceride values in mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.01129; hemoglobin in g/dL to g/L, multiply by 10; albumin in g/dL to g/L, multiply by 10; uric acid in mg/dL to μmol/L, multiply by 59.48; and fibrinogen in mg/dL to μmol/L, multiply by 0.0294.