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. 2014 Aug 7;281(1788):20140822. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0822

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Heritable increases in branchial bone lengths in freshwater sticklebacks. (a) Wild Fishtrap Creek (FTC) fish have significantly longer dorsal (EB1) and ventral (CB1–CB5) branchial bones relative to size-matched wild marine Little Campbell (LITC) fish. All six bones are significantly longer in FTC fish than LITC fish (p < 10−10 for all bones, nLITC = 27, nFTC = 40, Welch's T-test). (b) Increased bone lengths are heritable in adult laboratory-reared fish, and longer bones are also found in a second laboratory-reared freshwater population, Paxton Benthic (PAXB). All bones are significantly longer in each freshwater population relative to LITC marine (Tukey HSD: p < 10−5, nLITC = 32, nFTC = 25, nPAXB = 36). PAXB and FTC bone lengths do not significantly differ (p > 0.05). Error bars = standard deviation of the mean. Red, LITC; light blue, FTC; dark blue, PAXB.