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Extracellular dopamine (A) and metabolites HVA (B) and DOPAC (C), expressed as percent of baseline, oscillate across the light/dark cycle with peaks and trough of DA and HVA occurring midway through the dark and light phases, respectively. The DOPAC cycle is phase-shifted to the right of dopamine by ∼6 h (D). DA, HVA, and DOPAC are best fit to a third-order regression curve that is significantly different from linearity (***P < 0.001).
