Table 1.

Estimated 2009 mean bundle prices by Carnegie type

Publisher	Research 1, $	Research 2, $	Master’s, $
Elsevier	1,159,137	366,771	89,190
Springer	382,286	184,583	52,692
Wiley	329,535	94,072	30,726
Taylor & Francis*	299,712	72,536	n.a.
Sage	114,015	61,378	26,586
ACS	62,743	42,119	22,227
OUP	61,602	28,253	4,543
CUP	37,395	19,725	9,592
Emerald†	24,462	7,590	6,661

^*Our sample of Taylor & Francis contracts consists of only five research 1 institutions and one research 2 institution. We used a simple regression of expenditures on full-time equivalent enrollment to estimate average costs for research 1 institutions. We used actual expenditures on the single research 2 institution (University of Montana) for which we had a contract. n.a, not available.

^†We observed only three Emerald contracts with research 2 institutions and only one (with the California State University library consortium) for master’s institutions. Thus, we simply used sample means to estimate mean expenditures for research 2 and master’s institutions for Emerald.