Table 3.

Aggregate per-citation costs, 2009

Collection of journals	Type of institution
	Research 1, $	Research 2, $	Master’s, $
All tiered nonprofits	0.66	0.52	0.44
All nonprofits in sample	1.02	0.83	0.71
Cost-efficient 95% of cites	0.80	0.63	0.50
Cost-efficient 80% of cites	0.61	0.45	0.34
Cost-efficient 50% of cites	0.38	0.29	0.15