(a) Two-dimensional storage and loss moduli, g′ and g′′, of the RBC membrane obtained by fitting a sinusoidal function to the displacement response and using equations (3.1) and (3.3). (b) Effect of the bilayer–cytoskeletal friction coefficient fbs on the g′ of the RBC membrane. (c) Characteristic response of the attached RBC vertices in the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton near the oscillating microbead using two-component models with Nv=500, 2000 and 5000. ϕTB and ϕTC represent the phase-shift angle between the applied oscillating torque and the displacements of the marked particles in the lipid bilayer and cytoskeleton, respectively. (d) Comparison of Δg′ of the RBC membrane between the one-component RBC model and the two-component RBC model with Nv=500, 2000 and 5000. (Online version in colour.)