Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of bipolar depression patients and healthy controls.

	Controls (n = 28)	Bipolar(n = 26)	p
Gender
Male/Female, n (%)	16 (57.1)/12 (42.9)	7 (26.9)/19 (73.1)	0.03*a
Age, years	28.0 (±7.2)	27.7 (±4.8)	0.86b
Bipolar Disorder Type
Type I/Type II, n (%)		9 (34.6)/17 (65.4)
Duration of illness, months		36.6 (±19.4)
Drug-naïve, n (%)		20 (76.9)
Medication-free, n (%)		24 (92.3)
History of Psychosis, n (%)		3 (11.5)
HAM-D
Baseline/Endpoint		22.6 (±2.9)/7.0 (±6.2)
YMRS
Baseline/Endpoint		5.8 (±5.3)/3.8 (±9.2)
Response, n (%)		22 (84.6)
Remission, n (%)		16 (61.5)
Dropout, n (%)		1 (3.8)
Endpoint serum lithium, mEq/L		0.52 (±0.21)

HAM-D – Hamilton Depression Scale, YMRS – Young Mania Rating Scale.

^*Significantly different.

^a– Chi-square,

^b– Student's t test.