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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 7.
Published in final edited form as: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011 Apr 3;155(1):143–150. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.03.011

Table 1.

Spectrum of Chromosome Damage in Sperm Whale and Human Skin Cells After Particulate and Soluble Cr(VI).

Chromosome Aberration Type
Total
aberrations
observed
Treatment Chromatid
Break		 Chromatid
Gap		 Isochromatid
Break		 Isochromatid
Gap		 Acentric
Fragment		 Double
Minute		 Dicentric Chromatid
Exchange
Sperm Whale Skin Cells
  Lead Chromate (μg /cm2)
0 1±0.5 1±0.3 0±0.2 0±0.1 0±0.0 0±0.0 0±0.1 0±0.0 2±0.6
0.5 3±0.7 3±1.0 0±0.3 0±0.3 0±0.3 0±0.0 0±0.0 0±0.3 7±1.3
1 7±1.0 2±0.8 2±0.7 0±0.0 0±0.2 1±0.4 0±0.0 0±0.0 13±1.6
5 9±5.1 7±1.3 2±0.9 2±1.7 0±0.3 0±0.0 0±0.0 0±0.0 20±4.7
  Sodium Chromate (μM)
0 1±0.5 2±0.5 0±0.0 0±0.0 0±0.0 0±0.0 0±0.3 0±0.0 4±0.8
1 3±0.3 3±0.3 0±0.0 0±0.3 0±0.3 0±0.0 0±0.3 0±0.0 8±0.7
2.5 6±1.5 10±12 0±0.3 0±0.3 1±0.7 0±0.0 0±0.3 0±0.0 17±2.7
5 11±0.8 17±2.6 1±1.0 0±0.4 0±0.3 0±0.3 0±0.0 0±0.0 30±3.1
Human Skin Cells
  Lead Chromate (μg /cm2)
0 1±0.3 1±0.9 0±0.0 0±0.0 0±0.0 1±0.7 0±0.0 0±0.0 3±1.3
0.5 18±2.3 12±1.2 3±1.5 1±0.3 1±0.6 0±0.0 0±0.0 1±0.0 35±4.5
1 30±3.6 12±2.2 2±0.8 1±1.0 0±0.0 1±0.3 0±0.0 0±0.3 45±3.7
5 NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM
  Sodium Chromate (μM)
0 0±0.3 1±0.3 1±0.7 0±0.3 0±0.0 0±0.0 0±0.0 0±0.0 2±1.0
1 16±4.3 11±1.0 1±1.0 1±0.4 1±0.4 0±0.0 0±0.0 0±0.4 31±6.7
2.5 33±3.7 13±2.5 5±0.6 2±1.8 1±0.6 1±0.7 0±0.5 1±1.0 64±3.5
5 NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM

Values represent the number of occurrences for each type of chromosome aberration.