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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 7.
Published in final edited form as: Gene Ther. 2010 Mar 4;17(4):439–447. doi: 10.1038/gt.2010.31

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Methods to enhance plasmid nuclear import. A number of different approaches have been developed to promote recognition of plasmids by importin family members to increase nuclear import. These include peptide-nucleic acid clamp-conjugated NLS peptides bound to DNA, sequence-specific DNA binding proteins bound to DNA, NLS peptides covalently attached to DNA and NLS peptides electrostatically bound to DNA.