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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 7.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2013 Nov 15;59(1):328–339. doi: 10.1002/hep.26494

Figure 1. Failure to maintain gut microbiota and its products in gut lumen may promote liver disease.

Figure 1

A) A healthful microbiota is maintained in the gut lumen. B) Altered microbiota composition and/or altered barrier function can result in microbial products activating toll-like and nod-like receptors of the innate immune system. Such TLR/NLR activation can drive pro-inflammatory gene expression that promotes liver disease.