Table 2. Analyses of Factors Related to Patient Treatment Refusal (GEE).

Variables	OR	95%CI		P value
Gender (Male vs. Female)	0.98	0.92	1.05	0.616
Age
≤44 (reference)
45–54	0.97	0.87	1.09	0.604
55–64	1.08	0.98	1.19	0.114
65–74	1.45	1.30	1.61	<0.001
≥75	2.61	2.27	2.99	<0.001
Urbanization level of residence area
Level 1 (reference)
Level 2	0.95	0.89	1.01	0.115
Level 3	1.01	0.95	1.07	0.785
Level 4	0.99	0.92	1.07	0.869
Level 5	1.03	0.92	1.15	0.579
Level 6	1.08	0.93	1.25	0.327
Level 7	1.09	0.98	1.23	0.119
Insured monthly salary (US dollars)
≤576 (reference)
Dependent population	1.01	0.93	1.09	0.822
577–760	1.14	1.03	1.26	0.013
≥761	1.05	0.94	1.17	0.420
Insurance category
Employees/employers (reference)
Farmers or fishers	1.03	0.94	1.12	0.568
Low-income household	1.50	1.28	1.75	<0.001
Unemployed, retired, others	1.26	1.15	1.37	<0.001
Other catastrophic illnesses: Yes vs. No	1.56	1.40	1.74	<0.001
Pre-cancer CCI
≤3 (reference)
4–6	1.07	1.02	1.13	0.006
7–9	1.18	1.11	1.25	<0.001
≥10	1.43	1.34	1.53	<0.001
Lung cancer stage
I (reference)
II	1.21	1.10	1.34	0.001
III	1.57	1.42	1.73	<0.001
IV	2.11	1.87	2.39	<0.001

Note: The model has controlled for diagnosing hospital characteristics including accreditation level of hospital and hospital ownership.