Comparison 1.

Specialised antenatal care versus routine care

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Perinatal death	1	302	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.25 [0.43, 3.62]
2 Extremely preterm birth (< 28 weeks’ gestation)	1	376	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.26, 2.25]
3 Development of antenatal complications - preterm labour	1	370	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.29 [0.90, 1.86]
4 Preterm birth - adjusted for cluster design effect (ICC 0.002)	3		Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.69, 1.08]
4.1 Individually randomised trials	2		Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.68, 1.22]
4.2 Cluster randomisation	1		Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.58, 1.14]
5 Sensitivity analysis. Preterm birth (adjusted for cluster design effect using upper CI, ICC 0.0041)	3		Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.69, 1.11]
5.1 Individually randomised trials	2		Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.68, 1.22]
5.2 Cluster randomisation	1		Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.54, 1.22]
6 Very preterm birth (birth before 34 weeks’ gestation)	1	376	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.05 [0.50, 2.21]
7 Gestation at birth	1	2654	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	−0.10 [−0.30, 0.10]
8 Infection requiring intravenous antibiotics	0	0	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9 Caesarean section	1	376	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.11 [0.76, 1.62]
10 Postnatal depression	0	0	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11 Breastfeeding	0	0	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12 Instrumental vaginal birth	0	0	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13 Neonatal intensive care unit admission	1	302	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.62 [0.34, 1.12]
14 Respiratory distress syndrome	0	0	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15 Parameters of birth asphyxia	0	0	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16 Complications of prematurity	0	0	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17 Disability at childhood follow-up	0	0	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18 Women’s satisfaction	0	0	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19 Costs associated with care	2	604	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	−16.67 [−367.00, 335.67]
20 Costs associated with newborn inpatient care (US $)	1	290	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	−2196.0 [−4322.06, −69.94]
21 Number of antenatal visits	1	290	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.70 [0.72, 2.68]
22 Number of antenatal admissions	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
23 Length of antenatal admissions	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
24 Length of maternal postnatal stay	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
25 Length of stay in neonatal intensive care unit	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
26 Infant length of stay in hospital	0	0	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
27 Preterm birth - all studies, unadjusted data	3	3400	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.70, 1.03]
27.1 Individual randomisation	2	746	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.90 [0.67, 1.21]
27.2 Cluster randomisation	1	2654	Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.62, 1.06]