Figure 9. Effects of ET antagonists on induction of GFAP-positive astrocytes by cold injury (Protocol 1).

Ten micrograms of BQ788, IRL-2500, FR139317, or bosentan was injected into the right cerebroventricle 30 min before cold injury. Mouse brains were fixed at 12 h after cold injury. GFAP-positive astrocytes in the injured and the contralateral hemisphere were counted. Representative photographs of the injured hemisphere are shown. Scale bar = 50 µm. Results are means ± SEM of six experiments. **p<0.01 vs. Sham-operated group, ^##p<0.01 vs. vehicle administration by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s test.