Table 2.
Top 10 syndromic and etiologic diagnoses by reason for travel among 3943 ill returned travellers with definitive travel-related diagnoses,* 2009–2011
| Rank | Immigrants with travelrelated diagnosis n = 828 | Travellers with travel-related diagnosis unrelated to immigration; no. (%) of travellers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All non-immigration travellers n = 3115 | Tourism n = 1805 | Visit friends and relatives n = 444 | Missionary, volunteer, researcher, aid n = 416 | Business n = 320 | Other† n = 130 | ||
| Total no. of travel-related diagnoses | 1114 | 3660 | 2094 | 534 | 492 | 381 | 159 |
| 1 | Latent TB 229 (27.7) |
Chronic diarrhea 252 (8.1) |
Acute diarrhea‡ 154 (8.5) |
Malaria 34 (7.7) (P. falciparum 23 [5.2]) |
Chronic diarrhea 47 (11.3) |
Acute diarrhea‡ 27 (8.4) |
PI-IBS 17 (13.1) |
| 2 | Chronic HBV 182 (22.0) (acute HBV 3 [0.4]) |
Acute diarrhea‡ 243 (7.8) |
PI-IBS 151 (8.4) |
Strongyloidiasis 25 (5.6) |
Acute diarrhea‡ 37 (8.9) |
Chronic diarrhea 27 (8.4) |
Latent TB 10 (7.7) |
| 3 | Active TB 97 (11.7) (pulmonary TB 67 [8.1]) |
PI-IBS 232 (7.4) |
Chronic diarrhea 148 (8.2) |
Acute diarrhea‡ 18 (4.1) |
PI-IBS 26 (6.3) |
PI-IBS 25 (7.8) |
Chronic diarrhea 10 (7.7) |
| 4 | Chronic HCV 89 (10.7) |
Arthropod bite 127 (4.1) |
Arthropod bite 102 (5.7) |
Chronic diarrhea 17 (3.8) |
Abdominal pain 20 (4.8) |
Malaria 22 (6.9) (P. falciparum 14 [4.4]) |
Viral syndrome no rash 7 (5.4) |
| 5 | Strongyloidiasis 41 (5.0) |
Rash 125 (4.0) |
Giardiasis 59 (3.3) |
PI-IBS 13 (2.9) |
Febrile illness < 3 wk duration 15 (3.6) |
URTI 9 (2.8) |
Skin and soft-tissue infection 6 (4.6) |
| 6 | Schistosomiasis 39 (4.7) |
Skin and soft-tissue infection 110 (3.5) |
Abdominal pain 56 (3.1) |
Latent TB 13 (2.9) |
Viral syndrome, no rash 13 (3.1) |
Latent TB 8 (2.5) |
Giardiasis 5 (3.8) |
| 7 | Filariasis 26 (3.1) |
Giardiasis 91 (2.9) |
Skin and soft-tissue infection 49 (2.7) |
Abdominal pain 12 (2.7) |
Giardiasis 13 (3.1) |
Dengue fever 8 (2.5) |
Acute diarrhea‡ 5 (3.8) |
| 8 | Hypertension 23 (2.8) |
Malaria 77 (2.5) (P. falciparum 49 [1.6]) |
Viral syndrome, no rash 45 (2.5) |
Viral syndrome, no rash 12 (2.7) |
Dengue fever 10 (2.4) |
Giardiasis 8 (2.5) |
Active TB 4 (3.1) (pulmonary TB 3 [2.3]) |
| 9 | Diabetes 15 (1.8) |
Latent TB 73 (2.3) |
Febrile illness < 3 wk duration 41 (2.3) |
Chronic HBV 11 (2.5) |
Latent TB 9 (2.2) |
Strongyloidiasis 8 (2.5) |
Dientamoebiasis 3 (2.3) |
| 10 | Anemia 14 (1.7) |
Strongyloidiasis 66 (2.1) |
Dientamoebiasis 35 (1.9) |
Blastocystis 9 (2.0) |
Strongyloidiasis 8 (1.9) |
Febrile illness < 3 wk duration 8 (2.5) |
Cutaneous leishmaniasis 3 (2.3) |
HBV = hepatitis B virus, HCV = hepatitis C virus, P. falciparum = Plasmodium falciparum, PI-IBS = post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, TB = tuberculosis, URTI = upper respiratory tract infection.
For this table, only the 3943 people with a definitive diagnosis related to their travel (out of the 4365 returned travellers and new immigrants included in the study overall) were considered.
Includes students (n = 103), military personnel (n = 24), and medical tourists (n = 3); does not include those for whom reason for travel was unknown.
Includes acute bacterial, parasitic, and viral diarrhea, as well as acute diarrhea of unspecified etiology.