Table 1.
Sample characteristics for each rehabilitation impairment category - values as mean (sd) or column %.
| Stroke | Brain dysfunction | Neurologic conditions | Fracture | Joint replace | Debility | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 155,476 | 62,974 | 73,740 | 169,426 | 184,282 | 90,638 | 736,536 |
| Readmitted | 12.7% | 16.4% | 17.4% | 9.4% | 5.8% | 18.8% | 11.8% |
| 1–10 days | 5.4% | 7.4% | 7.9% | 4.1% | 2.8% | 8.7% | 5.3% |
| 11–20 days | 4.1% | 5.2% | 5.5% | 3.0% | 1.8% | 5.9% | 3.7% |
| 21–30 days | 3.2% | 3.9% | 4.0% | 2.3% | 1.3% | 4.2% | 2.8% |
| Year | |||||||
| 2006 | 19.1% | 16.0% | 15.5% | 19.4% | 25.6% | 13.3% | 19.5% |
| 2007 | 17.6% | 16.0% | 15.3% | 18.0% | 19.2% | 15.0% | 17.4% |
| 2008 | 16.2% | 16.1% | 15.0% | 16.8% | 16.0% | 17.0% | 16.3% |
| 2009 | 16.4% | 17.2% | 16.8% | 16.1% | 14.1% | 17.3% | 16.0% |
| 2010 | 16.0% | 17.3% | 18.3% | 15.4% | 13.4% | 18.6% | 15.9% |
| 2011 | 14.7% | 17.3% | 19.1% | 14.3% | 11.7% | 18.8% | 15.0% |
| Age | 77.7 (7.4) | 77.8 (7.3) | 77.7 (7.1) | 80.2 (7.3) | 75.8 (6.5) | 79.6 (7.3) | 78.0 (7.3) |
| < 75 yrs | 36.4% | 35.6% | 35.4% | 23.9% | 45.6% | 26.7% | 34.4% |
| 75–84 yrs | 43.6% | 44.8% | 45.9% | 45.8% | 42.8% | 45.8% | 44.5% |
| 85+ yrs | 20.0% | 19.6% | 18.7% | 30.3% | 11.6% | 27.6% | 21.1% |
| Female | 54.7% | 49.6% | 53.2% | 73.6% | 68.8% | 58.4% | 62.5% |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 78.1% | 84.0% | 85.4% | 89.5% | 86.9% | 85.6% | 85.1% |
| Black | 12.8% | 7.2% | 7.8% | 3.6% | 6.9% | 8.7% | 7.7% |
| Hispanic | 5.7% | 5.2% | 4.7% | 4.6% | 4.2% | 3.8% | 4.7% |
| Other/unknown | 3.5% | 3.6% | 2.1% | 2.4% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.5% |
| Married | 50.1% | 54.5% | 50.1% | 43.2% | 51.6% | 43.0% | 48.4% |
| Prior living situation* | |||||||
| With others | 69.7% | 70.9% | 67.8% | 62.6% | 64.5% | 62.3% | 65.7% |
| Alone | 27.6% | 25.7% | 28.4% | 33.7% | 34.5% | 33.5% | 31.3% |
| Unspecified | 2.7% | 3.5% | 3.9% | 3.8% | 1.1% | 4.2% | 2.9% |
| Disability+ | 10.9% | 10.2% | 14.3% | 8.3% | 9.2% | 12.0% | 10.3% |
| Dual eligibility◃ | 18.7% | 14.0% | 15.8% | 13.9% | 10.3% | 15.7% | 14.4% |
| Tier comorbidity□ | |||||||
| No tier | 79.4% | 56.5% | 57.8% | 79.4% | 79.1% | 54.1% | 72.1% |
| Tier 3 | 18.0% | 25.9% | 26.2% | 15.0% | 18.9% | 31.4% | 20.7% |
| Tier 2 | 1.2% | 14.9% | 12.3% | 4.2% | 1.7% | 10.0% | 5.4% |
| Tier 1 | 1.4% | 2.7% | 3.7% | 1.4% | .3% | 4.5% | 1.8% |
| Rehabilitation length of stay | 14.6 (6.4) | 13.2 (5.5) | 12.8 (4.9) | 13.3 (4.5) | 9.4 (3.6) | 11.8 (4.7) | 12.4 (5.3) |
| <10 | 24.7% | 28.3% | 27.1% | 21.6% | 56.3% | 34.4% | 33.6% |
| 10–14 | 29.8% | 35.6% | 39.6% | 39.8% | 36.0% | 40.4% | 36.4% |
| 15+ | 45.5% | 36.0% | 33.4% | 38.6% | 7.8% | 25.2% | 30.0% |
| Cognitive function: admit⋄ | 21.5 (7.1) | 20.3 (7.0) | 24.0 (6.5) | 25.7 (6.5) | 29.0 (5.2) | 24.9 (6.4) | 24.9 (7.0) |
| <23 | 51.6% | 59.3% | 36.6% | 27.1% | 10.9% | 31.5% | 32.5% |
| 23–28 | 30.9% | 28.1% | 36.4% | 34.1% | 27.6% | 36.6% | 31.8% |
| 29+ | 17.5% | 12.6% | 27.1% | 38.8% | 61.4% | 31.9% | 35.7% |
| Motor function: admit⋄ | 39.7 (12.5) | 39.6 (12.1) | 38.7 (11.2) | 37.4 (9.7) | 44.1 (9.0) | 40.9 (10.8) | 40.3 (11.0) |
| <36 | 36.8% | 36.8% | 38.8% | 42.2% | 17.6% | 31.2% | 32.7% |
| 36–45 | 27.5% | 28.9% | 31.5% | 36.2% | 36.0% | 32.8% | 32.8% |
| 46+ | 35.6% | 34.3% | 29.7% | 21.6% | 46.4% | 36.1% | 34.5% |
| Cognitive function: discharge | 26.1 (6.2) | 25.4 (6.0) | 28.2 (5.4) | 29.3 (5.2) | 32.0 (3.4) | 28.6 (5.2) | 28.8 (5.6) |
| <29 | 58.8% | 65.3% | 44.1% | 34.1% | 12.8% | 40.2% | 38.4% |
| 29–32 | 27.1% | 24.2% | 32.9% | 34.6% | 32.3% | 34.9% | 31.4% |
| 33+ | 14.2% | 10.6% | 23.0% | 31.4% | 54.9% | 24.9% | 30.2% |
| Motor function: discharge | 63.1 (13.8) | 63.6 (12.8) | 63.5 (12.9) | 63.9 (11.3) | 71.1 (8.2) | 64.9 (12.2) | 65.6 (12.1) |
| <63 | 41.8% | 40.7% | 40.9% | 39.0% | 14.1% | 36.8% | 33.4% |
| 63–72 | 31.6% | 33.9% | 31.8% | 36.5% | 34.0% | 33.1% | 33.7% |
| 73+ | 26.6% | 25.4% | 27.3% | 24.5% | 51.8% | 30.2% | 32.9% |
| Cognitive function: gain | 4.6 (4.4) | 5.1 (5.0) | 4.2 (4.6) | 3.6 (4.4) | 3.0 (4.0) | 3.8 (4.4) | 3.9 (4.4) |
| <2 | 26.4% | 25.3% | 32.7% | 38.5% | 46.0% | 36.7% | 35.9% |
| 2–5 | 37.4% | 34.3% | 34.7% | 34.4% | 33.5% | 34.6% | 34.8% |
| 6+ | 36.3% | 40.4% | 32.5% | 27.1% | 20.5% | 28.7% | 29.3% |
| Motor function: gain | 23.4 (10.6) | 24.0 (11.3) | 24.7 (11.0) | 26.4 (10.0) | 27.0 (9.3) | 24.0 (10.6) | 25.3 (10.4) |
| <21 | 39.9% | 39.1% | 35.4% | 27.3% | 23.9% | 37.4% | 32.1% |
| 21–29 | 33.2% | 31.1% | 32.5% | 35.1% | 37.8% | 33.6% | 34.6% |
| 30+ | 26.9% | 29.8% | 32.2% | 37.6% | 38.4% | 29.0% | 33.3% |
| Freestanding‡ | 27.1% | 33.4% | 45.1% | 33.6% | 38.3% | 43.2% | 35.7% |
| Ownership | |||||||
| Non-profit | 63.3% | 59.8% | 52.2% | 55.3% | 58.3% | 52.2% | 57.4% |
| For profit | 30.2% | 34.8% | 44.0% | 37.5% | 36.2% | 42.2% | 36.6% |
| Government | 5.5% | 4.5% | 3.0% | 6.1% | 4.7% | 4.7% | 5.0% |
| Rural△ | 10.2% | 5.8% | 8.0% | 12.3% | 10.8% | 9.4% | 10.1% |
Prior living setting categories are defined and recorded in the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility-Patient Assessment Instrument (IRF-PAI).14
Disability based on persons meeting Social Security Disability criteria and receiving benefits for two years.
Dual eligibility refers to Medicare beneficiaries who qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid.
Tier comorbidity = Medicare tier level comorbidities developed for post-acute inpatient medical rehabilitation and recorded in the IRF-PAI.14
Cognitive and motor function are based on items from the IRF-PAI. The range of scores for motor items is 13–91; the range of scores for cognitive items is 5–35. Higher scores indicate better performance. 17 Admission includes rating within 36 hours of admission. Discharge includes ratings within 36 hours of discharge. Gain is the difference between admission and discharge ratings.14, 17
Freestanding refers to facilities that are independent rehabilitation hospitals rather than units located within acute care hospitals. This information is defined and recorded in the IRF-PAI.14
Rural (versus urban) is designated for reimbursement purposes under the IRF prospective payment system.
Note: missing values ranged from 1.1–1.5% for marital status, 0.0–4.4% for dual eligibility, 0.5–0.9% for facility type (freestanding/unit), 0.8–1.0% for ownership, and 0.5–0.9% for facility location (rural/urban).