. 2014 Jul 7;5(4):404–417. doi: 10.3945/an.113.005603

TABLE 2.

Effects of naringin and naringenin on hyperlipidemia, body weight gain, and adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome¹

Derivative and dose	Model	Experimental outcome	Reference
Naringin
0.02 g/100 g	Cholesterol-fed LDLR-knockout mice	Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was reduced	(62)
0.02 g/100 g	Cholesterol-fed LDLR-knockout mice	Increases the excretion of fecal sterol	(62)
100 mg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹	High-fat/high-carbohydrate–fed Wister rat	Decreased total cholesterol, TGs and NEFAs	(64)
100 mg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹	High-fat/high-carbohydrate–fed Wister rat	Preserved hepatic mitochondrial respiration	(64)
0.2 g/kg of diet	High-fat-diet–fed C57BL/6 mice	Inhibited the synthesis way and increased FA oxidation	(60)
0.2 g/kg of diet	High-fat-diet–fed C57BL/6 mice	Upregulated AMPK.	(60)
0.003%, 0.006%, and 0.012% of diet for 6 wk	Male Long-Evans hooded rats	Reduced total TGs and cholesterol in plasma and liver	(54)
0.003%, 0.006%, and 0.012% of diet for 6 wk	Increased expression of PPARα, CPT-1, and UCP-2.
100 mg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹	High-fat/high-carbohydrate–fed Wister rat	Lowered abdominal fat deposition	(64)
100 mg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹	Body weight was not affected, probably due to increasing muscle mass
Naringenin
1% or 3% wt:wt of diet	LDLR-null mice	Increased hepatic FA oxidation through a PGC1α/PPARα–mediated transcription program	(63)
1% or 3% wt:wt of diet	Prevented SREBP-1c–mediated lipogenesis in both liver and muscle by reducing fasting hyperinsulinemia
0.003%, 0.006%, and 0.012% of diet for 6 wk	Male Long-Evans hooded rats	Lowered adiposity and TG contents in parametrial adipose tissue	(54)

AMPK, AMP kinase; CPT-1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl coenzyme A; LDLR, LDL receptor; NEFA, nonesterified FA; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1c; UCP-2, uncoupling protein 2.