Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 8.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2013 Oct;24(5):426–437. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e328364e85a

Figure 1. Well defined oxidation-specific epitopes (OSE).

Figure 1

Panel A- Oxidative modifications of lipoproteins and cell membranes creates a variety of OSE, of which the best characterized are MDA epitopes, advanced MDA epitopes such as malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts (MAA) and the OxPL POVPC (1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine). Panel B- OxPL are present on Lp(a) are covalently bound to apo(a) and also dissolved in the lipid phase of Lp(a) [46]. OxPL are also covalently bound to plasminogen. Panel C- Complement factor H can bind MDA-protein adducts at sites of inflammation, such in the macula of the eye and in atherosclerotic lesions. Modified and reproduced with permission from references [2] (A and B) and [3] (C).