Figure 1.

Potential target sites for NOX4 inhibitors within the osteoclastogenesis signaling pathways. The green arrows indicate activation, whereas the effects of the NOX4 inhibitors are indicated in red. AP1, activator protein 1; JNK, c-jun N-terminal kinase; NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1; NOX4-I, NOX4 inhibitors; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; REDOX, reduction oxidation; SERCA, sarcoendoplasmatic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase; TRPV2/5, transient receptor potential cation channel V2/5.