Table 1.
Mouse models of Kras-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
| Genetic model | Phenotype | Refs |
|---|---|---|
|
Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D
p48Cre;LSL-KrasG12D |
Universally penetrant PanIN development. Age-dependent increase in lesion severity and occasional PDAC with long latency |
23 |
| Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Cdkn2aflox/flox | Accelerated PanIN and PDAC development | 31 |
| Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Trp53R172H/+ | Accelerated development of PanIN and metastatic PDAC. PDAC was routinely focal, well differentiated, with extensive genomic instability |
33 |
|
Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Smad4flox/flox
p48-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Smad4flox/flox |
Development of IPMN and PDAC | 34 |
| p48-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Tgfbr2flox/flox | Accelerated PanIN and PDAC development. Latency further decreased with nullizygosity compared with heterozygosity |
35 |
| Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Trp53flox/flox | Accelerated PanIN and well-differentiated PDAC development | 32 |
| Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Ink4aflox/flox | Accelerated development of PanIN and poorly differentiated PDAC | 32 |
| p48-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Smad4flox/flox | Development of MCN and PDAC. Latency shortened with nullizygosity | 36 |
| Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Smad4flox/flox | Accelerated PanIN, IPMN and PDAC development | 37 |
| Nestin-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D | Development of exocrine-derived PanINs | 129 |
|
p48-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Ela-Tgfa
Ela-CreERT;LSL-KrasG12D;Ela-Tgfa |
Accelerated PanIN, IPMN and PDAC development | 116 |
| Ela-Tta;tetO-Cre;LSL-KrasG12V | Development of acinar- and centroacinar-derived PanIN and PDAC when KrasG12V activated during development or postnatally. Chronic pancreatitis required for PanIN and PDAC development when KrasG12V activated in adult cells |
24 |
|
Ela-CreERT2;LSL-KrasG12D
Mist1-CreERT2;LSL-KrasG12D |
Development of acinar-derived PanIN | 25 |
|
Pdx1-CreERT;LSL-KrasG12D;R26-NotchNIC
Ela-CreERTLSL-KrasG12D;R26-NotchNIC |
Accelerated development of acinar-derived PanIN | 26 |
| Mist1-CreERT2;LSL-KrasG12D;Mist1−/− | Accelerated development of acinar-derived PanIN | 27 |
| Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Tif1γflox/flox | Rapid development of IPMN | 38 |
| Ela-CreERT;CAG-lox-GFP-lox-KrasG12V | Rapid development of chronic pancreatitis, PanIN, cystic papillary carcinoma and PDAC |
28 |
Cdkn2a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (encodes both INK4A and ARF); Ela, elastase; IPMN, intraductal pupillary mucinous neoplasm; MCN, mucinous cystic neoplasm; Mist1, muscle, intestine and stomach 1; NotchNIC, constitutively active form of Notch; PanIN, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Pdx, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox; Tgfbr2, transforming growth factor-β receptor type II.