Table 2.

Summary comparing opioid dependent patients to chronic pain patients using opioids non- medically.

	Opioid dependent (n=24)	Non-medical user of opioids (n=21)
Age	38.9 (SD 12.0)	50.4 (SD 7.8)***
Gender
Male:	14 (58.3%)	12 (57.1%)
Ethnicity
White:	8 (33.3%)	16 (76.2%)*
Hispanic:	8 (33.3%)	2 (9.5%)
Black:	8 (33.3%)	3 (14.3%)
Remaining in treatment at 6 months	17 (70.8%)	8 (38.1%)*
Reason for discontinuing treatment
Lost to follow-up:	3 (12.5%)	3 (14.3%)
Lack of efficacy:	0	4 (19.1%)
Side effects:	0	4 (19.1%)
Refused treatment:	2 (8.3%)	0
Scheduled taper:	1 (4.2%)	0
Other:	1 (4.2%)	2 (9.5%)
History of heroin use	18 (75.0%)	6 (28.6%)**
History of chronic pain	11 (45.8%)	21 (100%)***
Prescribed pain meds by PCP	17 (70.8%)	19 (90.5%)
Oxycodone	8 (47.1%)	9 (47.4%)
Hydromorphone	5 (29.4%)	5 (26.3%)
Morphine	1 (5.9%)	4 (21.1%)
Methadone	2 (11.8%)	3 (15.8%)
Tramadol	2 (11.8%)	1 (5.3%)
Fentanyl	0	2 (10.5%)
Psychiatric Diagnosis	19 (79.2%)	16 (76.2%)
Major depressive d/o	17 (89.5%)	13 (81.3%)
Generalized anxiety d/o	9 (47.4%)	9 (56.3%)
Post-traumatic stress d/o	5 (26.3%)	4 (25.0%)
Bipolar d/o	1 (5.3%)	2 (12.5%)
Other	2 (10.5%)	1 (6.3%)
HIV	3 (12.5%)	0
Hepatitis C	9 (37.5%)	7 (33.3%)
Diabetes Mellitus	3 (12.5%)	4 (19.1%)
Cancer	4 (16.7%)	2 (9.5%)
Buprenorphine maximum dose (mg)	20.2 (SD 7.1)	21.8 (SD 9.9)
Aberrant urine toxicology results
Baseline	16 (76.2%, n=21)	11 (61.1%, n=18)
3 months	3 (18.8%, n=16)	4 (33.3%, n=12)
6 months	4 (28.6%, n=14)	3 (37.5%, n=8)
Cravings
Baseline	4.0 (SD 3.0, n=9)	4.4 (SD 3.6, n=5)
3 months	3.4 (SD 1.8, n=5)	1.0 (SD 1.6, n=5)
6 months	1.2 (SD 2.0, n=6)	0 (n=2)
Pain severity
Baseline	3.1 (SD 3.3, n=10)	8.0 (SD 2.1, n=7)**
3 months	0.9 (SD 2.0, n=6)	6.2 (SD 1.6, n=5)**
6 months	4.0 (SD 4.1, n=7)	6.3 (SD 0.2, n=2)
Pain disability
Baseline	3.5 (SD 3.6, n=10)	8.5 (SD 1.2, n=7)**
3 months	0.3 (SD 0.6, n=6)	5.4 (SD 1.9, n=5)**
6 months	4.0 (SD 3.9, n=7)	5.8 (SD 1.1, n=2)

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

^***p<0.001