| Biomarker | Pre-Olympics<br1>Mean (95% CI) | During-Olympics<br1>Mean (95% CI) | Post-Olympics<br1>Mean (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autonomic Dysfunction | |||
| HR (bpm)b | 0.51 (0.36 to 0.63) | 0.62 (0.49 to 0.72) | 0.65 (0.54 to 0.74) |
| HF (ms2)b | 0.61 (0.48 to 0.71) | 0.69 (0.57 to 0.78) | 0.50 (0.35 to 0.62) |
| LF (ms2)b | 0.50 (0.35 to 0.63) | 0.39 (0.21 to 0.54) | 0.45 (0.30 to 0.58) |
| LF/HFb | 0.64 (0.52 to 0.74) | 0.54 (0.39 to 0.66) | 0.53 (0.39 to 0.65) |
| rMSSD (ms)b | 0.57 (0.43 to 0.68) | 0.31 (0.13 to 0.47) | 0.61 (0.49 to 0.71) |
| SDNN (ms)b | 0.58 (0.45 to 0.69) | 0.35 (0.17 to 0.51) | 0.58 (0.45 to 0.69) |
| VLF (ms2)b | 0.13 (−0.06 to 0.31) | 0.29 (0.10 to 0.46) | 0.20 (0.02 to 0.36) |
| Total power (ms2)b | 0.47 (0.31 to 0.60) | 0.54 (0.39 to 0.66) | 0.38 (0.22 to 0.52) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 0.65 (0.54 to 0.74) | 0.72 (0.62 to 0.80) | 0.63 (0.51 to 0.73) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 0.79 (0.71 to 0.85) | 0.82 (0.75 to 0.87) | 0.71 (0.61 to 0.79) |
| Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress | |||
| CRP (%≥0.3 mg/L) | NA | NA | NA |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 0.49 (0.34 to 0.61) | 0.65 (0.53 to 0.74) | 0.54 (0.40 to 0.65) |
| RBCs (×1012/L) | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.91) | 0.93 (0.90 to 0.95) | 0.93 (0.90 to 0.95) |
| WBCs (×109/L) | 0.64 (0.52 to 0.73) | 0.69 (0.58 to 0.77) | 0.54 (0.40 to 0.65) |
| Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 0.71 (0.61 to 0.79) | 0.80 (0.73 to 0.86) | 0.74 (0.65 to 0.81) |
| Neutrophils (× 109/L) | 0.57 (0.44 to 0.68) | 0.56 (0.42 to 0.67) | 0.42 (0.26 to 0.56) |
| Urinary 8-OHdG (mg/mol creatinine)b | 0.02 (−0.16 to 0.20) | 0.02 (−0.16 to 0.20) | 0.39 (0.22 to 0.54) |
| Pulmonary Oxidative Stress and Inflammation | |||
| FeNO (ppb)b | 0.40 (0.24 to 0.54) | 0.34 (0.17 to 0.49) | 0.24 (0.07 to 0.40) |
| EBC | |||
| Nitrite (μM)b | 0.18 (0.01 to 0.34) | −0.07 (−0.25 to 0.11) | 0.07 (−0.16 to 0.29) |
| Nitrate (μM)b | 0.04 (−0.13 to 0.21) | −0.17 (−0.34 to 0.01) | −0.07 (−0.29 to 0.16) |
| Nitrite+nitrate (μM)b | 0.14 (−0.04 to 0.31) | −0.13 (−0.30 to 0.05) | −0.04 (−0.26 to 0.19) |
| pH | −0.04 (−0.21 to 0.14) | 0.20 (0.02 to 0.37) | 0.04 (−0.14 to 0.21) |
| 8-Isoprostane (%≥1.56 pg/ml) | NA | NA | NA |
| Hemostasis | |||
| sCD62P (ng/mL)b | 0.07 (−0.11 to 0.24) | 0.40 (0.24 to 0.54) | 0.38 (0.22 to 0.52) |
| sCD40L (ng/mL)b | 0.02 (−0.16 to 0.19) | 0.22 (0.04 to 0.38) | −0.19 (−0.36 to −0.01) |
| Platelet aggregation (%) | 0.55 (0.42 to 0.66) | 0.50 (0.35 to 0.62) | 0.35 (0.18 to 0.49) |
| vWF (%) | 0.79 (0.71 to 0.85) | 0.79 (0.71 to 0.85) | 0.73 (0.64 to 0.80) |
a
NA indicates not available.
b
Log transformation applied.