Table 3.
Prevalence and odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the metabolic syndrome according to sedentary time and sleep duration
| Exposure or c onfounder | Prevalence, % | Univariate models | Multivariate model 1* | Multivariate model 2** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Exposures
|
|
|
|
|
| Screen time | ||||
| T1 (least screen time) |
29.3 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
| T2 |
35.3 |
1.32 (0.96-1.81) |
1.18 (0.81-1.72) |
|
| T3 (most screen time) |
44.1 |
1.91 (1.38-2.64) |
1.67 (1.13-2.48) |
|
| Sedentary time |
|
|
|
|
| Q1 (least sedentary) |
32.4 |
1.00 (ref) |
|
1.00 (ref) |
| Q2 |
34.1 |
1.18 (0.80-1.76) |
|
1.00 (0.66-1.51) |
| Q3 |
37.0 |
1.44 (0.98-2.1) |
|
1.25 (0.83-1.89) |
| Q4 (most sedentary) |
45.9 |
2.10 (1.44-3.06) |
|
1.60 (1.05-2.45) |
| Sleep duration |
|
|
|
|
| Q1 (shortest sleep) |
34.1 |
0.86 (0.60-1.23) |
0.90 (0.62-1.32) |
0.91 (0.62-1.33) |
| Q2 |
37.4 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| Q3 |
35.6 |
0.93 (0.65-1.33) |
0.89 (0.61-1.30) |
0.89 (0.61-1.29) |
| Q4 (longest sleep) |
39.8 |
1.12 (0.78-1.60) |
0.97 (0.67-1.41) |
0.95 (0.66-1.39) |
|
Relevant Confounders
† |
|
|
|
|
| Age |
|
|
|
|
| 20-39 y |
23.3 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| 40-59 y |
37.1 |
2.24 (1.60-3.13) |
2.29 (1.63-3.22) |
2.23 (1.58-3.13) |
| 60+ y |
53.7 |
4.00 (2.82-5.67) |
4.00 (2.81-5.71) |
3.13 (2.16-4.54) |
| Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
| Non-Hispanic white |
39.2 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
| Non-Hispanic black |
29.8 |
0.60 (0.42-0.87) |
0.60 (0.41-0.88) |
|
| Hispanic |
38.0 |
0.96 (0.70-1.31) |
1.10 (0.79-1.54) |
|
| Other |
42.6 |
1.45 (0.77-2.71) |
1.55 (0.80-3.00) |
|
| Education |
|
|
|
|
| Less than high school |
44.4 |
1.00 (ref) |
|
1.00 (ref) |
| High school graduate |
37.3 |
0.78 (0.56-1.07) |
|
0.86 (0.61-1.21) |
| College graduate |
30.4 |
0.61 (0.42-0.89) |
|
0.69 (0.45-1.03) |
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity |
|
|
|
|
| None |
44.3 |
1.00 (ref) |
|
1.00 (ref) |
| Some |
34.7 |
0.54 (0.39-0.74) |
|
0.70 (0.49-0.98) |
| Moderate |
25.8 |
0.46 (0.33-0.64) |
|
0.58 (0.41-0.81) |
|
Remaining Confounders
|
|
|
|
|
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
| Male |
40.5 |
1.00 (ref) |
|
|
| Female |
33.3 |
0.75 (0.58-0.97) |
|
|
| Poverty level |
|
|
|
|
| Below |
43.8 |
1.36 (0.91-2.03) |
|
|
| Above |
36.5 |
1.00 (ref) |
|
|
| Caffeine |
|
|
|
|
| <250 mg/day |
36.7 |
1.00 (ref) |
|
|
| > = 250 mg/day |
39.8 |
1.18 (0.87-1.61) |
|
|
| Smoking Status |
|
|
|
|
| Never |
35.1 |
1.00 (ref) |
|
|
| Former |
42.8 |
1.45 (1.08-1.95) |
|
|
| Current |
34.9 |
0.93 (0.67-1.30) |
|
|
| Alcohol consumption |
|
|
|
|
| None |
45.2 |
1.52 (1.13-2.05) |
|
|
| Some |
35.1 |
1.00 (ref) |
|
|
| Excessive | 31.6 | 0.57 (0.16-2.08) |
*Multivariate model 1 includes screen time and sleep duration as the main exposures.
**Multivariate model 2 includes sedentary time and sleep duration as the main exposures.
†The backward deletion according the change in estimate approach was used to identify relevant confounders. Confounders that changed the odds ratio for the main exposures by >5% were kept in the model and those that did not were removed.