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. 2014 Mar 20;23(14):1611–1624. doi: 10.1089/scd.2013.0554

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Signaling molecules produced by hESC-MSCs. (A) Immunofluorescence of MSCs stained with isotype control-FITC (left panel) or anti-HO-1-FITC antibody (right panel) and costained with DAPI. Images at 20×. (B) Normalized indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzymatic activity in unstimulated hESC-MSCs versus MSCs stimulated with 50 ng/mL IFNγ for 3 days. Kynurenine concentration per million cells reflects the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine by IDO enzyme. Bars show the average of 13 experiments±SD. (C) Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secreted by unstimulated MSCs or MSCs that have been stimulated with 50 ng/mL IFNγ and 25 ng/mL TNFα for 3 days. Amount of PGE2 (pg/mL) is normalized per 1,000 cells, n=3 independent experiments±SD.