Table 2.
Risk of bias in included randomized controlled trials.
| Study | Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | Other sources of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cappi 2012 [14] | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| COIITSS 2010 (France) [16] | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High riska |
| Savioli 2009 [12] | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Iapichino 2008 [11] | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk |
| Brunkhorst 2008 [10] | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High riska,b |
| Ellger 2008 [25] | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Yu 2005 [13] | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk |
| Dong 2009 [27] | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk |
| NICE-SUGAR 2009 (Australia and New Zealand—Canada) [17] | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High riskc |
| Arabi 2008 [24] | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High riskd |
| Zhang 2008 [26] | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk |
| Jin 2009∗ [23] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
*Abstract only.
NA: not available from article or author.
aThe two treatment groups differ in the use of medications other than insulin.
bIntensive insulin therapy was terminated early because of increasing hypoglycemic events.
cInclusion used subjective criteria.
dIt had a different baseline.