Expression of growth factors in adipose-derived cells at 14 days after implantation. PKH26 labeling is shown in the left image of each row. Growth factor antibody-positive cells are shown in the middle image of each row, and the merged micrographs are shown in the right image of each row. (A–C) Some PKH26-labeled implanted cells (A, arrows) were positive for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1) (B, arrows) within the muscle layers. Scale bar: 10 μm. (D–F) Other PKH26-labeled implanted cells (F, arrows) were positive for nerve growth factor (NGF). Scale bar: 10 μm. (G–I) Near the blood vessel structures, the PKH26-labeled implanted cells (G, arrows) were positive for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Scale bar: 30 μm. Blue: nuclei.