FIG. 2.

Effects of soluble TnC and TnR on hMSCs without NBR induction. (A) The mRNA levels of neuronal markers, MAP2 and NFM; (B) glial cell markers, GFAP and MBP; and (C) the synapse marker, synapsin (SYN) were quantified after 7 days of Tn treatment (0.5–1.0 μg/mL) in hMSCs. Levels were normalized to levels observed in DMEM with 10% FBS-only treatment (set to 1.0) (presented as a dotted line). The TnC and TnR mixture (TCR) enhanced the expression of neuronal and glial cell genes, but not of synaptic genes. TnC and TnR individually inhibited neuronal and glial marker gene expressions. The data are presented as the mean±SD of one experiment that was derived from three independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 (all vs. DMEM and 1% FBS). DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum.