Figure 9.

Cell survival of MDA-MB-231 (a) and MDA-MB-468 (b) breast cancer cells treated with 5 μg mL⁻¹ MSNPs 2, 5 μg mL⁻¹ MSNPs 2 Ptx, 100 ng mL⁻¹ free Ptx or PBS for 96 h without light activation (red bars) or with visible-light activation (blue bars). For light activation, the cells were exposed to light for 50 min 24 h after adding the nanoparticles and then incubated for an additional 72 h. Crystal violet was employed to stain the surviving cells. The data are presented as the mean and the standard error of the mean (SEM) of three experiments ((***) P < 0.001, (**) P < 0.01). Annexin V flow cytometry assay of MDA-MB-231 (c) and MDA-MB-468 (d) breast cancer cells treated with 5 μg mL⁻¹ MSNPs 2, 5 μg mL⁻¹ MSNPs 2 Ptx, 100 ng mL⁻¹ free Ptx or PBS for 72 h with or without visible-light activation. For light activation, the cells were exposed to light for 50 min 24 h after adding the nanoparticles and then incubated for an additional 48 h. The percentage of cells in each quadrant is indicated.