Table 2.
Post-hoc test results in neuropsychological tests for patients and controls: raw scores and p - values
| ALS | N | aMCI | N | HC | N | p - value ALS vs. HC | p - value aMCI vs. HC | p - value ALS vs. aMCI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Executive functions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
| Phonemic fluency* |
10.9 (4.5) |
40 |
12.4 (4.1) |
35 |
15.2 (4.0) |
40 |
<0.001 |
0.011 |
0.39 |
| Phonemic flexibility* |
9.0 (3.3) |
40 |
10.7 (3.5) |
35 |
13.3 (2.9) |
40 |
<0.001 |
0.002 |
0.08 |
| Digit span backward raw score* |
5.5 (1.5) |
38 |
4.6 (1.2) |
39 |
6.1 (1.4) |
40 |
0.26 |
<0.001 |
0.02 |
| Cognitive flexibility (TMT ratio) |
2.8 (1.0) |
34 |
2.6 (1.0) |
38 |
2.5 (1.4) |
40 |
0.62 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Memory |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
| RAVLT Learning (∑1-5) |
44.3 (10.5) |
40 |
42.6 (8.2) |
39 |
47.3 (9.0) |
40 |
0.43 |
0.07 |
1.00 |
| RAVLT Immediate recall (5–6)* |
2.6 (1.7) |
39 |
3.2 (1.8) |
39 |
1.9 (1.7) |
40 |
0.19 |
0.003 |
0.37 |
| RAVLT Delayed recall 20’-30’ (5–7)* |
2.7 (1.8) |
40 |
3.7 (2.2) |
39 |
2.0 (2.2) |
39 |
0.41 |
0.001 |
0.08 |
| RAVLT Recognition (W–F)* |
9.1 (5.9) |
40 |
9.4 (4.9) |
39 |
11.8 (3.4) |
40 |
0.04 |
0.09 |
1.00 |
| Digit span forward raw score* |
7.2 (1.5) |
38 |
6.3 (1.3) |
39 |
7.6 (1.5) |
40 |
0.90 |
<0.001 |
0.01 |
|
Visuospatial functions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
| RCFT* | 31.0 (3.8) | 34 | 33.4 (2.6) | 33 | 33.1 (2.6) | 40 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.005 |
Values are mean (SD). Two-tailed p values of <0.05 are considered significant, shown in bold.
ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; HC, healthy controls; RCFT, Rey Complex Figure Test; *significant on one-way ANOVA.