Table 1.

Case reports of cardiotoxicity with gemcitabine monotherapy

Author	Demography	Dose of gemcitabine	Duration of treatment	Side effect	History of CAD	Timing	Outcome	Probability
Ozturk et al. [17]	59F with metastatic leiomyosarcoma	900mg/m2	8 days	Coronary vasospasm	Yes	30 minutes after infusion	Survived. Gemcitabine therapy stopped	Strong
Bdair et al . [18]	43F with metastatic NSCLC	1000mg/m2	7 weeks	NSTEMI VT	Yes	3 days after infusion	Survived. Gemcitabine therapy stopped	Weak
Kalapura et al . [19]	54M with metastatic pancreatic cancer	1900mg	5th cycle	NSTEMI	No CAD, no risk factors	6 hours after infusion	Survived. Recurrent symptoms with 7th cycle	Strong
Tayer-Shifman et al. [20]	67F with metastatic ductal carcinoma of breast	1000-1400mg/m2	3rd cycle	SVT/AVNRT	No CAD, no risk factors	Hours after infusion	Survived. Gemcitabine therapy stopped	Strong
Santini et al. [21]	78M with pancreatic adenocarcinoma	NK	1st cycle	AF	History of AF in the past	18-22 hours after the infusion	Survived 6 total episodes of AF 18-22 hours after the infusion	Strong
Ferrari et al. [22]	72F with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma	1200mg/m2	1st cycle	AF	No history of AF	18 hours after the infusion	Survived 3 total episodes of AF each after 18 hours of infusion	Strong
Ferrari et al. [22]	73F with NSCLC	1200mg/m2	3rd cycle	AF	No history of AF	12 hours after the infusion	Survived. Gemcitabine stopped	Strong
Tavil et al. [23]	65M with NSCLC	1200mg/m2	2nd cycle	AF	No history of AF	7 hours after the infusion	Gemcitabine stopped	Strong
Ciotti et al. [24]	70M with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma	NK	1st cycle	AF	No history of AF	6 days after the infusion	AF recurred with further therapy	Strong
Yajima et al. [25]	82F with advanced pancreatic carcinoma	16, 800mg-total dose	Two years of treatment	HF	NK	2 years	Gemcitabine stopped	Weak
Khan et al. [present case]	56M with pancreatic adenocarcinoma	1000mg/m2	Two cycles (2 months)	CMP/HF	No prior history of CHF/CAD	2 months	Gemcitabine stopped, partial recovery	Strong

CAD, coronary artery disease; F, female; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; NSTEMI, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; VT, ventricular tachycardia; M, male; SVT, supraventricular tachycardia; AVNRT, AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia; NK, not known; AF, atrial fibrillation; HF, heart failure; CMP, cardiomyopathy; CHF, congestive heart failure.