Table 1.
Overview of Selected Papers Examining the Association of ANCA-associated Vasculitis with Silica Exposure
| First author, country, year [Ref] |
Assessment of silica exposure |
Case definition |
Number of cases |
Source of cases |
Overall time exposure in cases (yrs) |
Control definition |
Source of controls |
Number of controls |
Matched or Adjusted |
Odds ratio (95% CI) Ever silica exposure |
Quality Score* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gregorini, Italy, 1993 [23] | Personal interview of occupational exposure | ANCA-positive GN | 16 | All ANCA positive patients admitted | 26.3 | Nephropathy without vasculitis | Admitted patients | 32 | Matched: age, date of admission to hospital Adjusted: none | 14.0 (1.7 - 113.8) | S2/C1/E1 |
| Nuyts, Belgium, 1995 [24] | Occupational questionnaire | Renal GPA | 16 | All patients with GPA from six Belgian Renal Units (1991-1993) | 28.5 | General population | Belgian voter's list (>18 yrs) | 32 | Matched: age, sex, region Adjusted: none | 5.0 (1.4-11.6) | S3/C1/E2 |
| Hogan, USA, 2001 [25] | Occupational questionnaire | ANCA-positive GN | 65 | AAV from The Glomerular Disease Collaborative Network | Exposure > 2 yr in 84% | Nephropathy without vasculitis | Patients from 26 nephrology clinics | 65 | Matched: age, sex, race Adjusted: smoking and occupational exposure | 4.4 (1.36 -13.4) | S3/C2/E1 |
| Stratta, Italy, 2001 [26] | Occupational exposure survey | Renal vasculitis | 31 | Department of Nephrology Turin University | 14 | Nephropathy without vasculitis | Department of Nephrology of Turin University | 58 | Matched: age, sex, region Adjusted: none | 2.4 (1.02-6.5) | S2/C1/E1 |
| Lane, UK, 2003 [27] | Occupational exposure survey using the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) 2000 | Primary systemic vasculitis | 75 | Patients having primary systemic vasculitis from NHUH | 23.7 | Non-inflammatory musculoskeletal disease | Inpatients and outpatients from Orthopedic and Rheumatology departments | 220 | Matched: age, sex Adjusted: smoking, occupational exposure, residence, allergy | 1.4 (0.7 - 2.7) | S2/C2/E2 |
| Hogan, USA, 2007 [28] | A structured telephone interview | ANCA-positive GN | 129 | Patients with biopsy proven renal vasculitis from 4 different states ** (1997-2003) | 13¥ | General population | List-assisted random-digit dialing | 109 | Matched: age, sex, state Adjusted: age, sex, state | 1.6 (0.9 - 2.8) | S3/C1/E1 |
*
The Newcastle-Ottawa scale [31] was used to assess quality of each study. Each study is scored on selection (S) of comparison groups (0-4 points), comparability (C) between the two groups (0-2 points), and exposure (E) ascertainment (0-3 points). NHUH: Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital.
**
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Virginia
¥
Median exposure duration