TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participating women
| Characteristic | n | Frequency, % |
| Infant sex | ||
| Male | 80 | 50.00 |
| Female | 80 | 50.00 |
| Month of delivery | ||
| January–March | 21 | 13.13 |
| April–June | 16 | 10.00 |
| July–September | 51 | 31.88 |
| October–December | 72 | 45.00 |
| Origin of mother | ||
| Urban | 82 | 51.25 |
| Rural | 78 | 48.75 |
| Country of sampling | ||
| Austria (East) | 15 | 9.37 |
| Austria (West) | 41 | 25.62 |
| Germany (East) | 61 | 38.12 |
| Germany (South) | 43 | 26.89 |
| Nationality* | ||
| German | 101 | 63.52 |
| Austrian | 47 | 29.56 |
| Other | 11 | 6.92 |
| Delivery mode | ||
| Vaginal | 125 | 78.13 |
| Cesarean section | 35 | 21.87 |
| Time of lactation* | ||
| <1 week | 16 | 10.00 |
| 1 to 4 weeks | 118 | 73.75 |
| >4 weeks | 25 | 15.63 |
| Breast-feeding* | ||
| Exclusively | 108 | 67.92 |
| Partial feeding | 51 | 32.08 |
| Anesthesia during delivery* | ||
| No | 103 | 64.78 |
| Yes | 56 | 35.22 |
| Antibiotherapy† | ||
| No | 95 | 59.38 |
| Yes | 65 | 40.62 |
| Last dose received at | ||
| Pregnancy | 14 | 8.75 |
| Delivery | 35 | 21.85 |
| Lactation | 16 | 10.00 |
*n = 159.
†During pregnancy and/or breast-feeding.