Differentiation of 2D BIO-treated MSCs (A). BIO-treated MSCs were allowed to proliferate for 3 weeks before induction of osteogenesis (von Kossa, hydroxyapatite), chondrogenesis (toluidine blue, glycosaminoglycans), and adipogenesis (oil red o, lipid droplets) (Bar = 100 μM) (B). Subsequent gene analysis for markers of osteogenesis (Cbfa1) (Ci), chondrogenesis (Sox9) (Cii), and adipogeneis (PPARγ) (Ciii) normalized to both the housekeeping gene β-actin and undifferentiated 0 μM controls (**p<0.01, ****p<0.0001 vs. 0 μM) (mean +/−SD).