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a, VNS restores aberrant dopamine neuron population activity in the ventral tegmental area of MAM-treated rats (n = 8 rats per group; two-way ANOVA; b, c). VNS had no effect on the firing rate and burst firing respectively (n = 55–93 cells per group; two-way ANOVA). Asterisk indicates a significant difference from MAM-treated control rats.
