Table 1.
Characteristics of participants
| Male (n = 549) | Female (n = 932) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y |
57.1 ± 14.4 |
57.9 ± 13.6 |
0.246 |
| BMI, kg/m2 |
23.6 ± 2.9 |
22.9 ± 3.4 |
<0.001 |
| Sleep duration, min/day |
461 ± 76 |
430 ± 68 |
<0.001 |
| Current drinker |
402 (73.2) |
222 (23.8) |
<0.001 |
| Current smoker |
198 (36.1) |
89 (9.5) |
<0.001 |
| Exercise habits |
156 (28.4) |
244 (26.2) |
0.349 |
| Depression |
83 (15.1) |
218 (23.4) |
<0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome |
105 (19.1) |
63 (6.8) |
<0.001 |
| Abdominal obesity |
262 (47.7) |
187 (20.1) |
<0.001 |
| Hypertension |
322 (58.7) |
476 (51.1) |
0.005 |
| Impaired fasting glucose |
79 (14.4) |
70 (7.5) |
<0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia |
154 (28.1) |
190 (23.4) |
0.001 |
| Global PSQI score, points |
2.8 ± 2.0 |
3.4 ± 2.3 |
<0.001 |
| 0-1 |
152 (27.7) |
191 (20.5) |
|
| 2-3 |
231 (42.1) |
364 (39.1) |
|
| 4-5 |
114 (20.8) |
244 (26.2) |
|
| 6-7 |
34 (6.2) |
80 (8.6) |
|
| 8-9 |
12 (2.2) |
31 (3.3) |
|
| 10-11 |
4 (0.7) |
14 (1.5) |
|
| 12-13 |
2 (0.4) |
5 (0.5) |
|
| 14-15 |
0 (0.0) |
3 (0.3) |
|
| 16-21 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
The chi-square statistical test for nominal variables and one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables were performed to assess whether there were significant differences among the groups stratified by sex.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index.