Table 1.
Characteristics of the affluent and nonaffluent mothers (N = 150).
| Maternal characteristics | Affluent: private nursing home (n = 68) |
Nonaffluent: government hospital (n = 82) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD or (95% CI)4 | P value | ||
|
| |||
| Age (years) | 27.8 ± 3.9 | 26.0 ± 3.9 | 0.008 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.9 ± 7.9 | 62.7 ± 7.6 | 0.58 |
| Phytate : calcium1,2 | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | 1.5 (1.4, 1.6) | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mg/d)1 | 353.9 (323.4, 387.3) | 286.4 (266.0, 308.4) | <0.001 |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 587.6 ± 99.2 | 592.8 ± 98.9 | 0.75 |
| Sun exposure index1,3 | 53.4 (44.2, 64.6) | 43.1 (36.8, 50.5) | 0.06 |
| Time of day (24 hours) | 13:00 ± 2:00 | 14:00 ± 2:00 | 0.42 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL)1 | 11.8 (10.8, 12.9) | 9.8 (9.1, 10.6) | 0.002 |
|
| |||
| % (n)5 | P value | ||
|
| |||
| Parity | |||
| First pregnancy | 46.6 (55) | 53.4 (63) | 0.55 |
| >1 pregnancy | 40.6 (13) | 59.4 (19) | |
1Log transformed. Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals reported.
2Phytate : calcium ratio = mmol/day phytate intake/mmol/day calcium intake.
3% body surface area exposed to sunlight × hours of sun exposure/week. Higher values indicate greater exposure to sunlight.
4ANOVA.
5Pearson's chi-squared tests.
Time of day (24 hours) refers to the time of the day to sun exposure in 24-hour format.