Table 2.
Maternal characteristics by 25(OH)D adequacy (N = 150).
| Maternal characteristics | 25(OH)D deficiency <20.0 ng/mL (n = 141) |
25(OH)D insufficiency 20.0–29.9 ng/mL (n = 9) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD or (95% CI)4 | P value | ||
|
| |||
| Age (years) | 26.7 ± 4.1 | 27.8 ± 2.1 | 0.46 |
| Weight (kg) | 62.5 ± 7.6 | 59.8 ± 8.8 | 0.31 |
| Phytate : calcium1,2 | 1.4 (1.3, 1.8) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | 0.11 |
| Calcium (mg/d)1 | 312.8 (294.0, 332.7) | 357.8 (284.4, 449.9) | 0.29 |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 590.9 ± 97.9 | 581.9 ± 117.2 | 0.79 |
| Sun exposure index1,3 | 44.9 (39.8, 50.8) | 113.8 (73.5, 176.2) | <0.001 |
| Time of day (24 hours) | 14:00 ± 2:00 | 13:00 ± 3:00 | 0.30 |
|
| |||
| % (n)5 | P value | ||
|
| |||
| Hospital | |||
| Private | 91.2 (62) | 8.8 (6) | 0.19 |
| Government | 96.3 (79) | 3.7 (3) | |
| Parity | |||
| First pregnancy | 93.2 (110) | 6.8 (8) | 0.44 |
| >1 pregnancy | 96.9 (31) | 3.1 (1) | |
1Log transformed variables. Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals reported.
2Phytate : calcium ratio = mmol/day phytate intake/mmol/day calcium intake.
3% body surface area exposed to sunlight × hours of sun exposure/week. Higher values indicate greater exposure to sunlight.
4ANOVA.
5Pearson's chi-squared tests.
Time of day (24 hours) refers to the time of the day to sun exposure in 24-hour format.