Table 1.
Litigations related to gastrointestinal endoscopy in Japan, 1985-2005
| Procedure | Complication/diagnostic error | Allegation 1 | Decision | Allegation 2 | Decision | Allegation 3 | Decision | |
| 1 | ERCP | Death due to peritonitis induced by duodenal perforation | Performance error during procedure | P | ||||
| 2 | EGD | Massive hemorrhage | Performance error during procedure | L | ||||
| 3 | EGD | Death due to premedication shock | Premedication error | P | ||||
| 4 | Colonoscopic polypectomy | Colonic perforation | Indication error | L | Lack of informed consent | P | ||
| 5 | Colonoscopy | Colonic perforation | Performance error during procedure | P | ||||
| 6 | EST | Death due to pancreatitis | Performance error during procedure | L | Performance error after procedure | P | ||
| 7 | EGD | Death due to premedication shock | Premedication error | L | Lack of informed consent | L | ||
| 8 | EGD | Massive hemorrhage | Performance error during procedure | P | ||||
| 9 | EGD removal of foreign body | Unexpected emergent surgery due to fixation of foreign body | Lack of informed consent | P | Performance error during procedure | P | ||
| 10 | EGD | Traffic accident due to the effect of sedative agent | Lack of informed consent | P | ||||
| 11 | EGD | Death due to premedication shock | Premedication error | L | Lack of informed consent | P | ||
| 12 | Colonoscopy | Colonic perforation | Performance error during procedure | L | Lack of informed consent | P | ||
| 13 | EGD | Misdiagnosis of gastric cancer | Diagnostic error | P | ||||
| 14 | EST | Death due to pancreatitis | Performance error during procedure | L | Performance error after procedure | L | Lack of informed consent | L |
| 15 | EST | Death due to pancreatitis | Performance error during procedure | L | Performance error after procedure | L | Lack of informed consent | L |
| 16 | ERCP | Death due to pancreatitis | Lack of informed consent | L | Performance error during procedure | P | Performance error after procedure | P |
| 17 | Colonoscopy | Colonic perforation | Performance error during procedure | P | ||||
| 18 | EST | Death due to peritonitis induced by duodenal perforation | Performance error during procedure | P |
ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EGD: Esophagogastrodudenoscopy; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy. P: The claim prevailed; L: The claim was lost.