Table 2.

Frequency of assurance and avoidance behaviors among gastroenterologists surveyed

	Often n (%)	Never/rarely n (%)
Assurance behavior
Order more tests than medically indicated	7 (5)	83 (64)
Prescribe more medications (e.g., antibiotics) than medically indicated	0 (0)	110 (84)
Refer patients to other specialists unnecessarily	36 (27)	41 (32)
Suggest invasive procedures (e.g., biopsy) to confirm diagnosis	21 (16)	61 (47)
Avoidance behavior
Avoid certain procedures or interventions	24 (18)	32 (24)
Avoid caring for high-risk patients	27 (21)	32 (24)