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Some putative mechanisms implicated in the induction and expansion of Th1 cells in the gut of patients with Crohn’s disease. Cytokines produced by antigen presenting cells, such as IL-23 and IL-12, promote the differentiation of Th1 cells. The expansion and mucosal accumulation of this cell subtype are then sustained by additional molecules, such as IL-18, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21 and TL1A.
