Table 1.
An overview of dehydrins in barley (Hordeum vulgare), common wheat (Triticum aestivum), and durum wheat (Triticum durum) listed according to their structural types described in Close (1997) including their expression patterns as well as characteristic features.
| Structural type | Expression pattern | Characteristic features | Corresponding dehydrins in barley and wheat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kn | Low temperatures (cold, frost), drought, salt, ABA, SA | Cryoprotective | Barley: DHN5 (K9) |
| Common wheat: WCS120 family – WCS120 (K6); low-molecular Kn types – WDHN13 (K2) | |||
| SKn | Cold (chilling, frost) | Acidic; membrane lipid interactions | Barley: DHN8 (SK3) |
| Common wheat: WCOR410a,b,c (SK3) | |||
| KnS | Chilling-induced | Reproductive tissues (anthers) | Barley: DHN13 (KS) |
| Common wheat: at least one ortholog to barley DHN13 (KS type) | |||
| YnSKm | Strong dehydrative stresses (drought, frost, salt), ABA, GA, MeJA, SA | Basic; accumulation in cytoplasm and nucleus; phosphorylation of S-segment (NLS); allelic variation (barley Dhn4); some are embryo-specific | Barley: DHN1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,11,12 Common wheat: several drought- and ABA-inducible homologs, e.g., RAB15 (YSK2) Durum wheat: DHN5 (YSK2) |
| YnKm | Cold | Antifreeze, cryoprotective | Not present in barley and wheat genomes |
ABA, abscisic acid; GA, gibberellic acid; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; NLS, nuclear localization signal; SA, salicylic acid.