Fig. 3.

Expression of DNA sensors and downstream signal molecules in HIV patients and controls. Total RNA was isolated from unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the different HIV patient subgroups and controls. mRNA levels of (a) interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), (b) cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS), (d) DDX41, (e) STING, and (f) IRF3 were determined by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) and each HIV patient subgroup was compared to controls by a multiple one-way analysis of variance (anova) test. (c) Pearson's correlation of cGAS and IFI16 mRNA expression in highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) naive; n.s. = not significant.