Table 5.
Reported water intake values in several populations
| Study population | Water intake (L/day)a | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Canada, n = 125 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | Levallois et al., 1998 |
| USA, n = 73 | 0.9 ± 0.6; max = 4.1 | Ryan et al., 2000 |
| USA, n = 20,261 | Female:1.18 ± 0.3; Male:1.30 ± 0.4 | USEPA, 2004 |
| USA, n = 47909 | 1.9 | Michaud et al., 1999 |
| USA, n = 6201 | 1.9 ± 0.7b | Ershow et al., 1991 |
| USA (Review) | 1.3–1.5 | Binkowitz et al., 2001 |
| Israel, n = 5 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | Kristal-Boneh et al., 1995 |
| Sweden, n=10957 | 1.86 | Westrel et al., 2006 |
| Mexico, n=50 | 1.75 (summer); 0.67 (winter) | Del Razo et al., 2002 |
| Taiwan | Male: 3.5; Female: 2 | Abernathy et al., 1989; USEPA, 1988 |
| Bangladesh, n=38 (Male = 19, female = 19) | Male: 3 ± 1.2; Female: 3 ± 0.8 | Watanabe et al., 2004 |
| Bangladesh, (male = 5042, female = 6704) | Male: 2.9 ± 1.2, Female: 3.1 ± 1.1 | Ahsan et al., 2006 |
| Bangladesh, n = 640 | 3.53 ± 0.98 | Milton et al., 2006 |
| Bangladesh (male = 28, female =23, boys = 4, girls = 10) | Male: 2.7 ± 0.7, Female: 2.0 ± 0.5 | Ohno et al., 2007 |
| Bangladesh, n = 47 | 2.55 ± 0.99 | Kile et al., 2007 |
| Laksham, Bangladesh (male = 134, female = 135, children = 104) | Male: 2.62, Female: 2.37, Child: 1.23 | Khan et al., 2009 |
| Sirajdikhan, Bangladesh (male = 125, female = 139, children = 81) | Male: 3.34, Female: 2.67, Child: 1.42 | Khan et al., 2009 |
| Manikganj, Bangladesh (male = 127, female = 123, children = 55) | Male: 3.89, Female: 3.02, Child: 1.58 | Khan et al., 2009 |
| West Bengal, India | Adult male: 4, Adult female: 3 and children (age ≤11 years): 2 | Chowdhury et al., 2001 |
| Bhawangola-I, West Bengal (Male = 28, female = 23) | Male: 3.0 ± 0.9, Female: 2.7 ± 0.7 | Mondal et al., 2010 |
| Chakdah, West Bengal (Male = 52, female = 52) | Male: 3.0 ± 1.2, Female: 2.4 ± 1.0 | Mondal et al., 2010 |
| Khejuri-I, West Bengal (Male = 35, female = 33) | Male: 3.3 ± 0.5, Female: 2.8 ± 0.8 | Mondal et al., 2010 |
| West Bengal, India Total water intake (direct+indirect) | Adult male: 6.1; Adult female: 4.84; Child (age <15 years): 3.24 | Present study |
a
Direct water intake (mean ± SD).
b
Including indirect intake