Fig. 6.

Femoral long-axis rotation during in vivo locomotion and cadaver manipulations after successive tissue removal steps. White: in vivo (i.v., condition I) LAR. Light grey: possible LAR with lateral abducted thigh orientation. Dark grey: possible LAR with protracted thigh orientation. Black: possible LAR with retracted thigh orientation. Conditions II–V, stepwise removal of soft tissues: II, intact cadaver; III, integument removed; IV, extrinsic muscles removed; V, intrinsic muscles removed (only ligaments conjoin the femur and pelvis). Note that rotation with laterally abducted thigh of the intact cadaver is nearly the same as in vivo. Possible rotation increased with step-wise tissue removal and led to similar mobility in all positions with condition V.